We're hearing more about the concept of "adaptation planning" in the context of global climate change. What is adaptation planning?
There are two strategies for addressing climate change. The first, which we are used to hearing more about, is mitigation—reducing the emissions that contribute to the problem. The second—adaptation planning—is about preparing for the impacts of these changes, including changes in temperature, precipitation, sea levels, and storm intensity. Adaptation planning does not preclude mitigation work, but it is gaining attention as people realize that even though we continue to reduce emissions, climate change is here, real, and happening now, and that planning ahead for these impacts is essential.
What steps can cities take to adapt to climate change?
Local governments are the frontline to the impacts of climate change, and in many ways have the most control over what can be done to prepare for and adapt to those changes. Many cities that depend on economies tied to climate—ski resorts, tourist destinations, waterfront communities—are taking action, as are those concerned with public health and quality of life. Cities are becoming better prepared for extreme heat events, redesigning flood protection systems for more frequent and intense storms, and preparing coastal development and infrastructurefor changes in sea level.
How can smaller communities and businesses participate?
The most important benefit to municipalities and businesses alike from reducing greenhouse gas emissions is that these measures often save money through avoided energy costs. Increasing energy efficiency and reducing waste make good sense for communities and businesses of any size. Small organizations are working with alternative fuels and energy efficient building projects to improve their carbon footprint and are realizing the same benefits as larger organizations.
Industry has been dealing with air emissions challenges for years. What lessons can the public sector learn from industry?
Industry is steadily moving ahead, recognizing that regulations are pending on greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, municipalities can follow this lead and begin to voluntarily report their emissions to U.S. registries. Globally, industry is also in the lead in recognizing climate change as a risk management issue. Cities can draw from this approach and use mitigation and adaptation planning as methods for reducing financial and development risks.
What trends do you see in controlling greenhouse gas emissions?
Greenhouse gas management is becoming more commonplace in communities. In the United States, more than 400 local governments have committed to reducing emissions in the near future. Internationally, that number is closer to 800. Adaptation planning is a newer field, and pioneering cities are moving in this direction. In the future, more communities will be combining these efforts simultaneously, planning to address climate change from both angles—reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate impacts—and improving community quality of life and resiliency at the same time.