The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries demand high-purity water systems that are both reliable and capable of consistently providing the required water for injection (WFI) and purified water to meet established standards of purity. Although the components of a high-purity water system are largely determined by the quality of the water supplied to the plant, WFI is usually stored in a continuously circulating system and maintained at an elevated temperature to prevent microbial growth. CDM's WFI specialists design each system to eliminate or minimize dead zones, thereby avoiding the growth of bacteria, and incorporate essential pretreatment steps as well as distillation or reverse osmosis filtration to achieve the required water quality. Our WFI design and construction experience encompasses a variety of process and manufacturing environments in new construction, as well as the rehabilitation, expansion, and upgrade of existing facilities.